![]() This article will provide a current background on sarcoidosis, describe the breadth of head and neck manifestations, discuss the mainstays and novel forms of treatment, and provide a brief discussion on the endoscopic approach to pituitary lesions. While pulmonary sarcoidosis is generally managed by an internal medicine specialist, once a patient begins having head and neck involvement, the otolaryngologist is often involved both for diagnostic and interventional purposes. Therefore, it is important to understand the rare manifestations of sarcoidosis as they can quickly involve vital structures.ĭiagnosis is initially suspected by clinical acumen, furthered by radiologic evidence, and finally confirmed by a histopathologic assessment. Manifestations within the head and neck, along with other extrathoracic manifestations, are associated with more extensive disease requiring coordinated treatment. ![]() Most patients who are diagnosed with sarcoidosis, usually present with pulmonary findings, which often resolve spontaneously. Otolaryngologic manifestations of sarcoidosis have offered an opportunity to apply new advances and innovations in our field, further expanding the potential for discovery. Our limited understanding and complex framework mandate continual and progressive assessment. Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease that has been a point of clinical and research interest for many years. This provides helpful information to guide all practitioners involved in the care of these challenging patients, namely pathologists, radiologists, otolaryngologists, and skull base surgeons, in the workup and management of head and neck sarcoidosis. Our study collates the available literature on head and neck sarcoidosis to provide a comprehensive review of the subject. As tissue diagnosis and imaging is key, a multi-disciplinary team approach is advantageous. ![]() Although systemic steroid therapy is often the first time treatment, endoscopic surgery is commonly used to treat advanced pituitary sarcoidosis refractory to medical management. Sinonasal and pituitary sarcoidosis presents a diagnostic challenge owing to its non-specific symptoms. 10–15 % of patients with sarcoidosis have head and neck manifestations. A large collection of articles was generated and reviewed by the team of authors, and appropriate information was extracted to compose a thorough and expansive review of the subject. PubMed searches were conducted using search terms such as “sarcoidosis”, “neurosarcoid”, and “extra-pulmonary sarcoid”, among many others. Articles from 1997 to 2013 were selected and reviewed by three researchers utilizing the most recent literature regarding sarcoidosis in the head and neck. A brief discussion of surgical treatment for pituitary lesions is also provided. This article seeks to provide a comprehensive review of head and neck sarcoidosis, as this fascinating disorder often poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. ![]() Although typically managed medically, when found in the sinonasal tract or intracranially, it may necessitate the intervention of a rhinologist-skull base surgeon. Despite the presence of strong clinical evidence, tissue diagnosis and imaging is needed for confirmation of the disease. Sarcoidosis is a complex disorder that often times involves the head and neck. ![]()
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